What is a mixed reference in excel?

In Excel, a mixed reference is a cell reference that has both relative and absolute components. This means that either the row or column reference is fixed (absolute) while the other is relative.

For example, in a mixed reference like $A1, the column reference is absolute (marked with a $ symbol) and the row reference is relative. This means that when this reference is copied and pasted to other cells, the column reference will remain fixed while the row reference will change based on the relative position of the new cell.

Mixed references are commonly used in formulas where you want certain parts of the reference to stay the same when copied to different cells, but you want other parts to adjust relative to their new location. This can be helpful when working with data that is organized in a specific way and you want to maintain certain relationships between cells in your formulas.